Several studies have found significant association between male circumcision and HIV infection. Recent studies in African men have demonstrated that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV acquisition among medically circumcised men by approximately 60%. In addition, male circumcision has been shown to reduce the incidence of genital ulcer disease, infection with human papilloma virus the agent that causes penile cancer in men and cervical cancer in female partners of uncircumcised men. Chlamydia infection which can cause infertility is also more common in female partners of uncircumcised men.
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