Child survival, which refers to the survival of children aged 0 to 5 years, is a major public health concern in Uganda. Though the past 20 years have witnessed improvements in child survival in Uganda, about 200,000 children under the age of 5 years still die annually, mainly during the first year (55%). The majority of deaths in children under the age of 5 years are due to a small number of common, preventable and treatable conditions including malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g. measles), HIV/AIDS, malnutrition and neonatal conditions, occurring singly or in combination.
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