The survey established that DS-TB patients spent on average 369 United States dollars (USD) on TB related care per episode while MDR-TB patients spend on average 3722 USD. In the prediagnosis period, major cost drivers for both types of TB were medical and travel costs with both costs being higher f...
International travel has become increasingly easy and readily available. Ever greater numbers of people are using international air travel for many reasons including business, tourism, immigration, asylum seeking or humanitarian activities. There is a potential risk of transmission of tuberculosis (...
The WHO Global Ministerial Conference on Ending TB in the Sustainable Development Era: A Multisectoral Response aims to accelerate implementation of the WHO End TB Strategy - with immediate action addressing gaps in access to care and the multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) crisis - in order to reach th...
Uganda was ranked 18th out of the 22 tuberculosis (TB) high-burden countries in the world during 2009. The Annual Risk of TB Infection (ARI) for Uganda is estimated at 3 percent. The incidence of TB is 330/100,000 population for all TB cases and 136/100,000 population for sputum smear-positive pulmo...
Management of MDR-TB: a fi eld guide was created to help health workers carry out these tasks. It is a job aid that medical offi cers and TB nurses are meant use frequently during the day for quick reference. This module is closely related to other clinical guideline modules in the Integrated Manage...
Uganda faces a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), but accurate estimates of the burden of TB in the country were unavailable. A national prevalence survey was therefore conducted from October 2014 to July 2015 to achieve the primary objective of estimating the prevalence of bacteriologically confirme...
This revised manual provides an update on those and other areas and pays special attention to the key role of the district TB/leprosy supervisors (DTLS). It provides guidance on how the district TB and leprosy supervisor (DTLS) function relates to the health facility staff on the one hand and the he...
This bulletin serves to inform all stakeholders at community, district and national levels on suspected disease trends, public health surveillance and interventions undertaken in detecting, preventing and responding to public health events in Uganda on a weekly basis.
Diarrhoeal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and an important cause of malnutrition. In 2001 an estimated 1.5 million below 5 years died from diarrhoea. On average, children below 3 years of age in developing countries experience three episode...
Conventional light microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained smears prepared directly from sputum specimens is the most widely available test for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited settings. Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy is highly specific, but its sensitivity is variable (20-80%) and is signif...
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis can be caused by infectious such as viruses, bacteria and non-infectious agents such as toxins, drugs, alcohol. Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by viruses. The commonest causes of viral hepatitis include one of the five heterotype...
This guidance for conducting early action reviews (EARs) results from a shared vision of the importance of collective learning during and following a public health event. That vision, and the close collaboration that led to the development of these resources, is shared among the World Health Organiz...
This document should be used as a guide to inform and harmonize national and international preparedness and response before, during and after an influenza pandemic. Countries should develop or update national influenza preparedness and response plans that address the recommendations in this Guidance...
The PIP Framework aims to balance virus sharing with benefit sharing on an equal footing. Advances in vaccine, antiviral and diagnostic technology alone are not enough to protect a world against a pandemic. Whereas access to health services and products remains unequal around the world, the influenz...
The goal of this tuberculosis (TB) infection control guidelines is to guide management staff, including health care workers, congregate settings managers and household heads to minimize the risk of TB transmission at Ugandan facilities in particular and the whole country in general. The current nati...
Important recent changes or additions to guidelines for the management of tuberculosis (TB) in children have made it necessary to revise the first edition of Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children, published by WHO in 2006. Like the 2006 guidance,...
This publication provides guiding principles for WHO Member States to promote the involvement of people with tuberculosis (TB) and the community in TB care and prevention. These recommendations are designed to support health policy-makers - and patients�� groups and local partners - in including com...
This is the fourth report of the WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. The three previous reports were published in 1997, 2000 and 2004 and included data from 35, 58 and 77 countries, respectively. This report includes drug susceptibility test (DST) results fro...
The TWOS report for the period April- May 2019, summarizes facility reporting rates, timeliness of submission, patient numbers, estimates of stock status and central warehouse order fulfilment rates. It provides recommendations and actions to be taken by various stakeholders to mitigate supply issue...
This manual is intended to help health professionals and public health coordinators working in emergency situations prevent, detect and control the major communicable diseases encountered by affected populations. Emergencies include complex emergencies and natural disasters (e.g. floods and earthqua...
